已知等差数列${a_n}$的公差为$\frac{2\pi}{3}$,若集合$A = {x|x = \cos a_n, n \in \mathbf{N}^*} = {x_1, x_2}$,则$x_1x_2 =$________.
集合+三角+数列综合迷魂阵

$-\frac{1}{2}$
$a_n = a_1 + (n – 1)d$$= a_1 + \frac{2\pi}{3}(n – 1)$,
则$\cos a_n = \cos\left[a_1 + \frac{2\pi}{3}(n – 1)\right]$$= \cos\left(\frac{2\pi}{3}n + a_1 – \frac{2\pi}{3}\right)$,其周期为$\frac{2\pi}{\frac{2\pi}{3}} = 3$,
而$n \in N$,即$\cos a_n$最多3个不同取值, 由题可知集合$A = {x|x = \cos a_n, n \in \mathbf{N}^}$有且仅有两个元素,$A = {x_1, x_2}$,
则在$\cos a_n, \cos a_{n+1}, \cos a_{n+2}$中,$\cos a_n = \cos a_{n+1} \neq \cos a_{n+2}$或$\cos a_n \neq \cos a_{n+1} = \cos a_{n+2}$,
或$\cos a_n = \cos a_{n+2} \neq \cos a_{n+1}$,
又$\cos a_n = \cos a_{n+3}$,即$\cos a_{n+3} = \cos a_{n+2} \neq \cos a_{n+1}$,一定会有相邻的两项相等,
设这两项分别为$\cos\theta$,$\cos\left(\theta + \frac{2\pi}{3}\right)$,
于是有$\cos\theta = \cos\left(\theta + \frac{2\pi}{3}\right)$,
即有$\theta + \left(\theta + \frac{2\pi}{3}\right) = 2k\pi, k \in \mathbf{Z}$,
解得$\theta = k\pi – \frac{\pi}{3}, k \in \mathbf{Z}$,
不相等的两项为$\cos\theta$,$\cos\left(\theta + \frac{4\pi}{3}\right)$,
故$x_1x_2 = \cos\left(k\pi – \frac{\pi}{3}\right)\cos\left[\left(k\pi – \frac{\pi}{3}\right) + \frac{4\pi}{3}\right]$$= -\cos\left(k\pi – \frac{\pi}{3}\right)\cos k\pi$$= -\cos^2 k\pi\cos\frac{\pi}{3} = -\frac{1}{2}$.
故答案为:$-\frac{1}{2}$.



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