设$a,b,c \in \left(0,\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)$,且$a = \cos a$,$b = \sin(\cos b)$,$c = \cos(\sin c)$,则它们的大小关系为( )
A.$b < a < c$
B.$c < a < b$
C.$c < b < a$
D.$a < b < c$
嵌套三角比大小,构造+单调性拆解!

A
首先比较$a,b$的大小,
令$f(x) = x – \cos x$,$x \in \left(0,\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)$,
求导得$f'(x) = 1 + \sin x > 0$在$x \in \left(0,\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)$上恒成立,
故$f(x)$在$\left(0,\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)$上单调递增.
由$a = \cos a$,得$f(a) = a – \cos a = 0$.
又$\sin x < x$在$x \in \left(0,\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)$上恒成立,且$b \in \left(0,\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)$,
故$\cos b \in (0,1] \subseteq \left(0,\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)$,因此$b = \sin(\cos b) < \cos b$,
即$b – \cos b < 0$,也就是$f(b) < 0 = f(a)$.
结合$f(x)$单调递增,得$b < a$.
其次比较$a,c$的大小,
令$h(x) = \cos(\sin x) – x$,$x \in \left(0,\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)$,
求导得$h'(x) = -\sin(\sin x)\cos x – 1$,
因为$x \in \left(0,\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)$,
所以$\sin x \in (0,1] \subseteq \left(0,\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)$,
故$\sin(\sin x) > 0$且$\cos x > 0$,
因此$h'(x) < 0$,即$h(x)$在$\left(0,\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)$上单调递减.
由$c = \cos(\sin c)$,得$h(c) = \cos(\sin c) – c = 0$.
又$\sin a < a$,且$y = \cos x$在$\left(0,\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)$上单调递减,
故$\cos(\sin a) > \cos a = a$
即$h(a) = \cos(\sin a) – a > 0 = h(c)$.
结合$h(x)$单调递减,得$a < c$.
综合$b < a$以及$a < c$,得$b < a < c$.
故选:A.



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